10.Escondida, Chile
A na-ekewa ikike nke ogbunigwe ESCONDIDA na Desert Atacama nke dị na ugwu Chile n'etiti BHP Billiton (57.5%) , Rio Tinto (30%) na Mitsubishi na-edu njikọ (12.5% jikọtara) .Ngwuputa a ruru pasenti 5 nke mmepụta ọla kọpa zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2016. Mmepụta amalitela ibelata n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, BHP Billiton kwuru na akụkọ 2019 ya banyere uru nke ogbunigwe ahụ na mmepụta ọla kọpa na Escondida dara 6 pasent site na mmefu ego gara aga ruo 1.135. nde tọn, nke a na-atụ anya ọdịda, nke ahụ bụ n'ihi na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebu amụma ọdịda 12 pasent na ọkwa ọla kọpa.N'afọ 2018, BHP meghere ụlọ ọrụ desalination ESCONDIDA maka iji mee ihe na ogbunigwe, mgbe ahụ nke kachasị na nsị.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ji nke nta nke nta na-agbasawanye ọrụ ya, na mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka pasent 40 nke mmiri osisi ahụ na-eri na njedebe nke afọ 2019. Mgbasawanye nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke a na-eme atụmatụ ịmalite nnyefe na ọkara mbụ nke 2020, nwere. mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mmepe nke m dum.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ọla kọpa
Onye ọrụ: BHP Billiton (BHP)
mmalite: 1990
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 1,135 kiloton (2019)
09. Mir, Russia
Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ndị dị na Saịberịa bụbu ebe a na-egwupụta diamond kasịnụ n'ebe bụbu Soviet Union.Ogige ogbunigwe mepere emepe dị mita 525 na dayameta 1.2 kilomita.A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime olulu ndị kasị ukwuu n'ụwa ma bụrụ isi nkuku nke ụlọ ọrụ diamond Soviet mbụ.Oghere mepere emepe rụrụ site na 1957 ruo 2001, mechiri na 2004, meghere ya na 2009 wee kwaga n'okpuru ala.Ka ọ na-erule oge ọ mechiri na 2001, e mere atụmatụ na ogbunigwe ahụ arụpụtala dayamọnd siri ike ọnụ ahịa ruru ijeri $17.Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ọkụkụ na Siberia, nke Alrosa, bụ ụlọ ọrụ diamond kacha ukwuu na Rọshịa na-arụ ugbu a, na-amịpụta dayamọnd dị kilogram 2,000 kwa afọ, pasent 95 nke mmepụta diamond nke mba ahụ, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-aga n'ihu ruo ihe dị ka afọ 2059.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: diamond
Onye ọrụ: Alrosa
mmalite: 1957
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 2,000 n'arọ
08. Boddington, Australia
BODDINGTON mine bụ nnukwu oghere ọla edo nke Australia, karịrị nke ama ama super mine (Feston open-pit) mgbe ọ maliteghachiri mmepụta na 2009. Nkwụnye ọla edo na Boddington na Maanfeng greenstone belt na Western Australia bụ ụdị nkwụnye ego ọla edo.Ka emechara njikọ aka ụzọ atọ n'etiti Newmont, Anglogoldashanti na Newcrest, Newmont nwetara sketị na AngloGold na 2009, bụrụ naanị onye nwe na onye ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-emepụtakwa sulfate ọla kọpa, na Machị 2011, nanị afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ rụpụtara tọn ọla edo 28.35 mbụ.Newmont weputara oru mmeghe nke ikuku carbon na Burdington na 2009 wee kụọ 800,000 horsepower saplings na New South Wales na Western Australia.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme atụmatụ na osisi ndị a ga-amịkọrọ ihe dị ka tọn 300,000 nke carbon n'ime afọ 30 ruo 50, ebe ọ na-eme ka salinity nke ala na ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche dị iche iche na mpaghara, na-akwado Australia's Clean Energy Act na Carbon Agriculture atumatu, atụmatụ ọrụ ahụ ekerewo òkè dị mkpa n'iwu ya. nke green mines.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ọla edo
Onye ọrụ: Newmont
mmalite: 1987
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 21.8 tọn
07. Kiruna, Sweden
Ebe a na-egwupụta KIRUNA dị na Lapland, Sweden, bụ igwe igwe kacha ibu n'ụwa ma bụrụkwa nke ọma ilere Aurora Borealis.Ewubere ogbunigwe a na 1898 ma ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ nke steeti luossavara-kiirunaara Aktiebolag (LKAB) , ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ na Sweden.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ogbunigwe Kiruna mere ka obodo Kiruna kpebie na 2004 ịkwaga etiti obodo ahụ n'ihi ihe egwu na ọ ga-eme ka elu ahụ daa.Mbugharị ahụ malitere na 2014 na a ga-ewughachi etiti obodo ahụ na 2022. Na Mee 2020, oke ala ọma jijiji 4.9 mere n'ogwe ogbunigwe n'ihi ọrụ ngwuputa.Dabere na nha sistemụ nlebanya seismic nke ogbunigwe, omimi nke ihe dịka 1.1 km.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ígwè
Onye ọrụ: LKAB
mmalite: 1989
Mmepụta kwa afọ: nde tọn 26.9 (2018)
06. Red Dog, US
N'ịbụ nke dị na mpaghara Arctic nke Alaska, ogbunigwe Red Dog bụ nnukwu m zinc n'ụwa.Ọ bụ Teck Resources na-ahụ maka ogbunigwe ahụ, nke na-arụpụtakwa led na ọlaọcha.A na-atụ anya na ogbunigwe ahụ, nke na-emepụta ihe dịka 10% nke zinc nke ụwa, ga-arụ ọrụ ruo 2031. A katọrọ ogbunigwe ahụ maka mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ya, na akụkọ United States Environmental Protection Agency na-ekwu na ọ na-ewepụta ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. ụlọ ọrụ na United States.Ọ bụ ezie na iwu alaskan na-enye ohere ka a na-ebupụ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri n'ime netwọk osimiri, Tektronix chere usoro iwu ihu na 2016 maka mmetọ nke Osimiri Urik.N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, United States Environmental Protection Agency kwere ka Alaska wepụ Red Dog Creek dị nso na ICARUS iyi na ndepụta nke mmiri kachasị emetọ.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: Zinc
Onye ọrụ: Teck Resources
mmalite: 1989
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 515,200 tọn
Oge nzipu: Feb-22-2022