05. Carajás, Brazil
KARAGAS bụ ndị na-emepụta ígwè ígwè kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ebe e mere atụmatụ na ọ nwere ihe dị ka ijeri tọn 7.2.Onye na-ahụ maka mpụta ya, Vale, onye Brazil ọla na ọkachamara n'ịgbapụta akụ, bụ onye na-emepụta ígwè na nickel kachasị n'ụwa ma na-arụ ọrụ mmiri ọkụ itoolu.Ọ bụ mmiri mmiri mmiri Tukurui dị nso na-arụ ọrụ ogbunigwe a, bụ otu n'ime ọrụ kacha arụ ọrụ na ọkụ ọkụ na Brazil nke a ga-arụcha n'oké ọhịa Amazon.Otú ọ dị, Tukuri anọghị n'okpuru ikike Vale.Karagas iron ore bụ ọla dị na okpueze Vale.Nkume ya nwere 67 pasent ígwè ya mere na-enye ọla kachasị mma.Usoro ụlọ ọrụ dị na ogbunigwe ahụ na-ekpuchi pasent 3 nke oke ọhịa Brazil dum, na CVRD na-agba mbọ ichekwa pasent 97 fọdụrụnụ site na mmekọrịta dị mma na ICMBIO na IBAMA.N'ime ọrụ mmepe ndị ọzọ na-adigide, Vale ewepụtala usoro eji emegharị mmanụ nke na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka ịhazigharị nde tọn 5.2 nke ezigbo ọla edo edobere na ọdọ mmiri ọdụ.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ígwè
Onye ọrụ: Vale
mmalite: 1969
Mmepụta kwa afọ: nde tọn 104.88 (2013)
04. Grasberg, Indonesia
Amara ruo ọtụtụ afọ dị ka nkwụnye ego ọla edo kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, nkwụnye ego ọla edo nke Glasberg na Indonesia bụ nkwụnye ego ọla edo na-ahụkarị, nke a na-ahụta ihe nchekwa ya dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma na etiti 1980, ọ bụghị ruo mgbe nyocha na 1988 na PT Freeport Indonesia ka achọpụtara ya. nwere nnukwu nchekwa nke a ka na-egwupụta akụ.A na-eche na ihe nchekwa ya ruru ihe dị ka ijeri $40 ma bụrụ nke Freeport-McMoRan nwere ọtụtụ na mmekorita ya na Rio Tinto, otu n'ime ndị na-egwuputa ihe kacha mkpa n'ụwa.Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe nwere oke pụrụ iche yana ọ bụkwa ọla edo kachasị elu n'ụwa (5030m) .Ọ bụ akụkụ ghe oghe na akụkụ dị n'okpuru ala.Dị ka nke 2016, ihe dị ka 75% nke mmepụta ya sitere na ogbunigwe mepere emepe.Freeport-McMoRan na-ezube imecha ntinye nke ọkụ ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na 2022.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ọla edo
Onye ọrụ: PT Freeport Indonesia
mmalite: 1972
Mmepụta kwa afọ: tọn 26.8 (2019)
03. Debmarine, Namibia
Debmarine Namibia bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi na ọ bụghị ogbunigwe a na-ahụkarị, mana usoro ọrụ ngwuputa n'ụsọ mmiri nke Debmarine Namibia na-eduzi, njikọ aka 50-50 n'etiti De Beer Group na gọọmentị Namibia.Ọrụ a mere n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda Namibia na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ise iji weghachi diamond.Na Mee 2019, njikọ aka ahụ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-emepụta ma malite ụgbọ mmiri mgbake ọla edo mbụ nke ụwa, nke ga-amalite ọrụ na 2022 na ọnụ $ 468 nde.Debmarine Namibia na-ekwu na ọ bụ ego kacha baa uru na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ diamond mmiri.A na-arụ ọrụ ngwuputa site na teknụzụ abụọ bụ isi: mgbapu ikuku na teknụzụ ngwuputa ụdị crawler.Ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịchọta, ịchọta na nyochaa oke osimiri, na-eji nkà na ụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: diamond
Onye ọrụ: Debmarine Namibia
mmalite: 2002
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 1.4 MILLION CARATS
02. Morenci, US
Moresi, Arizona, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ọla kọpa kachasị n'ụwa, yana atụmatụ nchekwa ruru ijeri tọn 3.2 yana ọdịnaya ọla kọpa dị pasent 0.16.Freeport-McMoRan nwere oke oke na ogbunigwe ahụ yana Sumitomo nwere oke pasentị 28 na ọrụ ya.Ngwuputa ogbunigwe a na-egwuputa ihe n'olulu kemgbe 1939 ma na-emepụta ihe dị ka tọn ọla kọpa 102,000 kwa afọ.N'ịbụ nke e gwupụtara n'okpuru ala, ogbunigwe ahụ malitere mgbanwe iji meghee oghere na 1937. MORESI Mine, bụ́ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ ndị agha US n'oge agha ahụ, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke mmepụta ya n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.Abụọ n'ime ndị na-agbaze ihe mere eme ka ewepụrụ ma megharịa ya, nke abụọ n'ime ha kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ na 1984. N'afọ 2015, arụchara ọrụ mgbasawanye ụlọ ọrụ igwe, na-abawanye ikike ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo ihe dị ka tọn 115,000 kwa ụbọchị.A na-atụ anya na ogbunigwe ahụ ga-eru 2044.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ọla kọpa
Onye ọrụ: Freeport-McMoRan
mmalite: 1939
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 102,000 tọn
01. Mponeng, South Africa
Ogige ọla edo MPONENG, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 65 n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Johannesburg na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 4km n'okpuru elu Gauteng, bụ nkwụnye ego ọla edo kachasị dị n'ụwa site n'ụkpụrụ elu.N'ime omimi nke ogbunigwe ahụ, oke okpomọkụ dị n'elu Rock ruru ihe dịka 66 Celsius C, a na-agbabakwa slurry ice n'ime ala, na-eweda ikuku ikuku n'okpuru 30 Celsius.Ogwu a na-eji teknụzụ nleba anya eletrọnịkị na-ebuli nchekwa nke ndị na-egwuputa ihe, teknụzụ na-enyere aka ngwa ngwa na nke ọma ịgwa ndị ọrụ nọ n'okpuru ala ozi nchekwa dị mkpa.Anglogold Ashanti nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ ogbunigwe ahụ, mana o kwetara ire ụlọ ahụ na Harmony Gold na Febụwarị 2020. Ka ọ na-erule June 2020, Harmony Gold ewepụtala ihe karịrị $200m iji kwado inweta akụ MPONENG nke AngloGold nwere.
Ederede nkọwa:
Isi ịnweta: ọla edo
Onye ọrụ: Harmony Gold
mmalite: 1981
Mmepụta kwa afọ: 9.9 tọn
Oge nzipu: Feb-22-2022