Kwụsị ịmehie sodium sulfide!

"Lee ihe mgbagwoju anya!"Otu nwoke yi uwe mwụda ọgwụ na-egbu egbu kụchiri ihe mkpuchi gas ya n’enwechaghị ndidi, “Ehee, nwanne, ihe a na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, n’agbanyeghị otú ọ na-esi enye gị nsogbu, ị ga-eburu ihe ndị a niile!”Ọzọ Nwoke ahụ toro ogologo matịa aka rọba kpuchiri aka ya makụọ nwoke ahụ n'ubu.“Ma agwala m, ihe a na-ere nke ọma.Enyere m iwu ngwongwo ọzọ ụnyaahụ.Mgbe m nwetara ego ahụ, mụ na nwanne m nwoke ga-aga ṅụọ ihe ọṅụṅụ!”

Sodium Sulfide lere anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ abụọ ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-apụ, mana enweghị ndidi nke nwoke ahụ dị ugbu a dị ya n'obi, dịka a ga-asị na ọ laghachiri n'oge onye ọ bụla gbapụrụ ya ogologo oge gara aga ...

l sodium sulfide anaghị amasị

"Kedu ihe bụ ihe a!Aka m, aka m na-ewute m nke ukwuu!”

“Gịnị na-esi ísì!Gịnị mere o ji na-esi ísì ka àkwá rere ure!”

Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-eti mkpu n'oké olu ka ha jide aka ha na-acha uhie uhie na nke gbajiri agbaji, ụfọdụ ndị kpuchiri imi na atụ aka, ebe ihe ahụ wee bụrụ ọgba aghara.

Na mberede, otu onye tụrụ aka n'obo flakes na-acha uhie uhie na khaki-edo edo wee tie mkpu: “Nke a bụ ya!Ọ bụ sodium sulfide!"

Sodium sulfide nke a na-akpọ aha ya makwara jijiji na mberede, dị ka a ga-asị na mmadụ kpalitere isi ihe ma ghara imegharị ahụ.

Mgbe ọ dị na mmanụ kemịkal ndị ọzọ na mbụ, ọ bụ ụdị dị iche.Ọ maara na ọ bụ nsi, ma ọ bụ nke ukwuu nsi.Ọ nwere ike ịnọnyere ndị enyi ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu, ndị na-enweghị ike iji ya zere ya., ndị nwere ike iji ya ga-enwekwa nsogbu.

Sodium Sulfide lere ìgwè mmadụ ahụ na-abịa ma na-aga, ma chọọ ịgọnarị na ọ bụghị egwu n'ezie, mana ọzọ lere anya na "ihe nchekwa" nke e debere na mgbidi ahụ.

Sodium sulfide wedara isi ya, kedu ka ọ ga-esi gbagha?Ndị ahụ ziri ezi, n'ezie ọ bụ nwoke nwere nsogbu.

Kpachara anya ka ị ghara iri ya n'amaghị ama, ma ọ bụ ọbụna naanị ísì ọ na-esi na ya pụta, na mgbe ụfọdụ ị ga-eyi ihe mkpuchi gas;ọbụna imetụ aka dị mfe ga-eme ka ọbara ọbara na-agba agba n'ihi nrụrụ ya, nke mere na ndị mmadụ niile nwere ike ịbanye na ya ga-eyiri uwe rọba na ọbụna yikwasị uwe ọrụ mgbochi corrosion;na mgbakwunye, a ga-akpachapụ anya ka ịzere ntapu na ọgwụgwọ nke mmepụta mmiri mkpofu.Ọ bụrụ na agbazere na volatilized gas na-adịghị edozi nke ọma, sulfide na mmiri dị mfe hydrolyze, n'ụdị H2S Released n'ime ikuku, ọgbụgbọ na vomiting ozugbo etinye obi gị dum na nnukwu ego site na ndị mmadụ, na ọbụna ike iku ume. , ntachi obi, wdg, na-ebute mmetụta siri ike nke nsị.Ọ bụrụ na ọ ruru 15-30mg/m3 n'ikuku, ọ ga-ebute mbufụt nke akpụkpọ ahụ anya ma mebie akwara optic.H2S gbasasịa n'ikuku bụ ndị mmadụ na-eku ume ruo ogologo oge, ọ ga-emeghachi omume na cytochrome, oxidase na disulfide bond na protein mmadụ na amino acid na ahụ mmadụ, na-emetụta usoro oxidation nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-akpata hypoxia na sel, na-etinyekwa n'ihe ize ndụ. ahụike mmadụ.ndu.Ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị edozi mmiri mkpofu ahụ nke ọma, na-ebute ịṅụ mmiri ogologo oge nke nwere nnukwu sulfide, ọ ga-eme ka uto na-agwụ ike, enweghị agụụ, mbelata ibu, ntutu isi na-adịghị mma, na ọdịda na ọnwụ n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike.

Sodium Sulfide na-asụ ude, ọ bịara bụrụ na ọ na-enwe nsogbu n'ezie.

l Sodium sulfide: Ọ bụ eziokwu na ọ bụ nsi, ọ bụkwa eziokwu na ọ bara uru

"Sodium sulfide ọzọ."

Mgbe m nụrụ ahịrịokwu a, ahụ ruru ala sodium sulfide.Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ malite ọrụ.E jiri ya tụnyere ịnọ n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na nkụ, ọ masịrị ka etinye ya na mmiri, gbazee, ma ọ bụ gwakọta ya na kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ.Ngwaahịa nwere mmeghachi omume magburu onwe ya.

"Hey, nwa.Ị mara mma.Ị nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe, ubi dịgasị iche iche, yana arụmọrụ dị elu.Ka a sịkwa ihe mere ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enye iwu.”

"N'ezie?Enwere m uru n'ezie?

Sodium Sulfide welitere isi ya, anya ya juputara na atụmanya, mana ahụ ya ka na-agbada n'akụkụ nkuku, ọ naghị anwa anwa ịga n'ihu.

"N'ezie, ị na-ahụ, ị nwere ike ime ka sọlfọ esiji na ụlọ ọrụ na-esiji, nke nwere ike ịbụ akụrụngwa maka sọlfọ cyan na sulfur blue;Iwepu ntutu;nkwadebe nke sodium polysulfide iji mee ngwa ngwa ncha akpụkpọ anụ na ime ka ọ dị nro dịkwa mkpa;a na-ejikwa gị dị ka onye na-esi nri maka akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ;denitrification na mbelata nke nitrates na textile ụlọ ọrụ bụkwa gị ọrụ;mordant dyeing maka onye na-eji akwa akwa akwa akwa;ọbụlagodi na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, enwere ike iji ya mepụta antipyretics dị ka phenacetin;Ọ bụghị naanị ndị a, ị nwekwara ike iji ya mee sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, wdg. Ndị a niile bụ nke gị Ọ na-arụ ọrụ!"

Sodium sulfide chere banyere ya ogologo oge n'ụbọchị ahụ.Ọ ka bara uru, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere adịghị ike.Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-enye nsogbu, ekwesịrị iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke.Nke a bụ ụzọ kacha mma na ihe o kwesịrị ime.

Na metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ, ọ nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè wepụ adịghị ọcha ion dị ka Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, wdg na obere ụwa ngwọta.Nnyocha egosiwo na ịchịkwa pH na ihe dị ka 5 na ịgbakwunye Na2S na elu ụwa dị ụkọ iji wepụ adịghị ọcha ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe mmetụta dị mma nke iwepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha, kamakwa ọ dịghị atụfu ala ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe.

Ma ọ bụ na-emeso mmiri mkpofu nwere mercury nke na-emerụ ahụ gburugburu na ahụike mmadụ.N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-eme soda, ọdịnaya mercury dị na mmiri mkpofu a na-agbapụta na-adịkarị elu, karịa ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa (0.05mg/L).N'ime ngwọta na-adịghị ike (pH 8-11), ion mercury nwere ike ịmepụta ihe na-adịghị edozi ya na sodium sulfide.Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl agbakwunyere na ngwaahịa solubility nke HgS dị ntakịrị (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Site na nyocha ahụ, a na-ekpebi na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma mgbe ọnụọgụ Na2S na-adịgide adịgide na ọnụ ahịa pH na-achịkwa na 9-10, na Hg2 + na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nwere ike ibelata n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ mba (0.05mg /). L).Na mgbakwunye, site n'ịgbakwunye FeSO4 iji mepụta Fe (OH) 2 na Fe (OH) 3 colloids na mmiri, ndị colloids ndị a nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị adsorb ion mercury, kamakwa ọnyà na mkpuchi kwụsịtụrụ HgS ihe siri ike, na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na coagulation na mmiri ozuzo. .Sedimenti adịghị mfe imetọ ugboro abụọ ma dị mma maka mkpofu.

Enwere ike iji ya wepụ arsenic.Ekwesịrị ịmara na arsenic na-adịkarị na mineral n'ụdị sulfide.N'oge usoro pyro-smelting, ọtụtụ n'ime arsenic na-adaba n'ime flue gas na uzuzu, karịsịa mpụta kpọmkwem nke obere ntinye uche SO2 ga-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi.Ya mere, a ga-eme iwepụ arsenic tupu ọgwụgwọ flue ga-esote ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ikpofu.Jiri Na2S ngwọta na-amịkọrọ SO2 flue gas, nke mere na As3 + na S2-ụdị As2S3 precipitate (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), na a elu pH (pH> 8), As2S3 nwere ike gbazere na-etolite As3S3-6 ma ọ bụ AsS2- 3, ma e jiri ya tụnyere Na pH dị ala, ihe ngwọta ga-emepụta gas H2S.Nnyocha nke Yin Aijun et al.[4] na-egosi na mgbe a na-achịkwa pH nke ngwọta na nso nke 2.0 ruo 5.5, oge mmeghachi omume bụ 50 nkeji, okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume bụ 30 ruo 50 ° C, na flocculant na-agbakwunyere, ọnụego mwepụ nke arsenic nwere ike iru. 90%% n'elu.Na mmepụta nke ọgwụ na-acha ọcha carbon ojii, iji belata ọdịnaya nke arsenic na-adịghị ọcha na sulfuric acid na-emepụta ihe, a na-agbakwunye sodium sulfide na sulfuric acid na-eme ka As3 + ghọọ As2S3 ma mee ka ọ wepụ ya.Omume mmepụta na-egosi na sodium sulfide na-ewepụ arsenic ọ bụghị naanị na ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa, kamakwa na-ewepụ arsenic kpamkpam.Ọdịnaya nke arsenic na sulfuric acid mgbe ọ wepụsịrị arsenic bụ ihe na-erughị 0.5 × 10-6, na ọdịnaya arsenic nke ọcha carbon ojii na-emepụta na akụrụngwa a bụ ≤0.0003%, nke na-agbaso iwu ndị dị mkpa.

Ọ na-arụkwa nnukwu ọrụ na electroplating!

Nke mbụ, ọ na-eme dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke.A na-agbaze sodium sulfide n'ime mmiri wee tinye ion n'ime ion sodium ion nke ọma (Na+) na ion sulfide na-adịghị mma (S2-).N'oge usoro electroplating, ọnụnọ S2- na electrolyte nwere ike ịkwalite polarization cathode.N'otu oge ahụ N'okpuru ọnọdụ a, a na-eme ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume cathode.A na-emekwa ngwa ngwa nkwụnye ego, ikike ịkwanye miri emi na-abawanye, a na-edozi ihe mkpuchi ahụ, na elu nke akụkụ ahụ na-egbuke egbuke na-egbuke egbuke.

Ọ nwekwara ike wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na electrolyte, tumadi n'ihi na n'oge usoro mmepụta electroplating, a ga-ebute ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha ma ọ bụ dị ntakịrị na ngwa ngwa na ngwọta plating.Ihe adịghị ọcha ndị a na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'okpuru ọrụ nke electrodes, a ga-edobekwa ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha nwere ike dị ala n'elu akụkụ nke plated ya na Zn2 +, na-emetụta àgwà nke oyi akwa ahụ.Mgbe ịgbakwunye sodium sulfide, S2- na sodium sulfide nwere ike ịmepụta precipitates na metal adịghị ọcha ion, na-egbochi adịghị ọcha na-ekere òkè na electrochemical mmeghachi omume na-eme ka mkpuchi na-egbuke egbuke.

Ma ọ bụ jiri ngwọta sodium sulfide maka desulfurization flue gas.Usoro mgbake nke SO2 na flue gas bụ tumadi iji tọghata SO2 ka ọ bụrụ H2SO4, mmiri mmiri SO2 na sọlfọ elemental.sọlfọ elemental bụkwa ezigbo ngwaahịa maka imegharị ihe n'ihi ịdị mfe nke njikwa na njem.Usoro ọhụrụ maka imepụta sọlfọ elemental site na iji H2S emepụtara na ngwọta Na2S dị ka ihe na-ebelata iji belata SO2.Usoro a dị mfe ma ọ dịghị mkpa iri ihe ndị na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ dị ka gas sitere n'okike na obere sọlfọ dị ka teknụzụ mmepụta n'ozuzu.Mgbe pH nke ngwọta na-adaba na 8.5-7.5, itinye SO2 na Na2S ga-emepụta H2S, na H2S na SO2 ga-enweta mmeghachi omume Claus na mmiri mmiri.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji sodium sulfide dị ka ihe mgbochi iji nyere aka nweta uru.Ọ bụrụhaala na enwere akụkụ abụọ, otu bụ na Na2S bụ hydrolyzed iji mepụta HS-, na HS-ewepu xanthate adsorbed n'elu mineral sulfide, na n'otu oge ahụ, a na-etinye ya n'elu mineral iji mee ka hydrophilicity dịkwuo elu. nke ịnweta elu;N'aka nke ọzọ, a kwenyere na Na2S na-arụ ọrụ mgbochi ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-akpata site na mgbasa ozi nke HS- n'elu ala ịnweta, ọ kwesịkwara jikọta ya na S2-emepụtara site na ionization nke Na2S na ngwọta mmiri.

N'ihi nnukwu ngwaahịa solubility nke PbS na obere ngwaahịa solubility nke PbX2, mgbe a na-agbakwunye Na2S, ntinye nke S2- na-abawanye, na nguzozi na-agbanwe n'aka ekpe, nke na-eme ka xanthate na-ejikọta na ịnweta elu desorb, nke mere na Na2S nwere ike igbochi mmetụta dị n'elu ịnweta.N'iji mmetụta mgbochi nke Na2S mee ihe, enwere ike igbochi flotation nke Ni2S3 site n'ịgbakwunye Na2S, nke mere na nkewa dị irè nke Cu2S na Ni2S3 na nnukwu nickel matte nwere ike mezuo.N'ime ụfọdụ osisi na-erite uru na-eduga-zinc, n'ihi nsogbu akụrụngwa na usoro mmepụta enweghị ezi uche, slag mgbe flotation ka nwere nnukwu lead na zinc.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi mgbasa nke ụfọdụ ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri n'elu ya, nchịkọta ogologo oge ga-eme ka apịtị dị njọ, nke ga-eme ka ihe isi ike dị na mweghachi nke lead-zinc n'etiti ore.N'iji mmetụta inhibitory nke Na2S, Na2S nwere ike iji dị ka reagent desorb xanthate nke adsorbed n'elu ịnweta, nke mere na-esote flotation ọrụ dị mfe ịrụ.A na-eji sodium sulfide were sodium sulfide mee ihe maka mkpochapụ ọgwụ, wee mee ka mmiri na-ekpu mmiri iji nweta ntụ ntụ na ọdịnaya ndu nke 63.23% yana zinc tụbara ya na ọdịnaya zinc nke 55.89% (ndu na zinc). Ọnụego mgbake nke zinc nwere ike iru 60.56% na 85.55% n'otu n'otu), nke na-eji akụrụngwa ịnweta nke abụọ eme ihe nke ọma.Na nhazi nke ọla kọpa-zinc sulfide ore, n'ihi nnukwu symbiosis nke mineral, sọlfọ ọdịnaya na elu nke abụọ ọla kọpa, o siri ike idozi.Ụdị ore a bụ nke Cu2 + na-arụ ọrụ n'oge usoro egweri, na floatability ya Ọ dị nso na chalcopyrite, ya mere ọla kọpa na zinc adịghị mfe ikewa.Mgbe ị na-edozi ụdị ore a, site na ịgbakwunye Na2S n'oge a na-egweri ore, S2- nke hydrolysis nke Na2S na-emepụta na ụfọdụ ion metal dị arọ nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ, dị ka Cu2 +, na-emepụta sulfide na-adịghị edozi iji wepụ ọrụ nke ion metal ndị a dị arọ.Mgbe ahụ, site n'ịgbakwunye zinc na sọlfọ inhibitors, na-eji butyl ammonium ojii ọgwụ na-ahọrọ nhọrọ ọla kọpa-ọla kọpa maka nhọrọ zinc nhọrọ-zinc ọdụ maka sọlfọ nkewa iji nweta ọla kọpa na 25.10% ọla kọpa na zinc na-etinye uche na 41.20% zinc ore na sọlfọ na-etinye uche na ya. sọlfọ ọdịnaya bụ 38.96%.

Mgbe a na-eji sodium sulfide mee ihe dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ, enwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri FeS n'elu limonite.N'ihi na pH dị elu, ihe nkiri FeS nwere ike ịbawanye mgbasa ozi nke amines molecular, yabụ enwere ike iji ihe feS reagent mee ihe maka flotation na pH dị elu.Amine flotation nke limonite.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji Na2S mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-efegharị efegharị maka mineral ọla kọpa oxide.Mgbe agbakwunyere ego Na2S kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwọta flotation, S2 nke kewara ekewa na-enweta mmeghachi omume mbugharị na anions lattice n'elu mineral oxidized iji mepụta fim sulfide n'elu ọla kọpa oxide mineral, nke bara uru. adsorption nke ndị na-anakọta xanthate.Otú ọ dị, ihe nkiri sulfide ọla kọpa nke e mere n'elu ọla kọpa oxide ore adịghị esi ike, ọ dịkwa mfe ịdapụ mgbe mkpali ahụ siri ike.Mgbe ị na-emekọ ihe na Totozui ọla kọpa na Daye, Hubei (ihe ndị nwere ọla kọpa nke nwere malachite), usoro flotation nke na-agbakwunye Na2S n'ọtụtụ ọkwa na iwepụta ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na-ebelata mgbasa nke etiti etiti, na ọla kọpa na-etinye uche. ogo ọkwa Usoro mmepụta ka emelitere site na 2.1%, yana ọnụego mgbake ọla kọpa na ọla edo abawanyela site na 25.98% na 10.81% n'otu n'otu.Enwere ike iji Na2S dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri maka pyrite nke peralkali lime kwụsịrị na sistemụ perkalime.Na usoro alkali dị elu, a na-ekpuchi elu nke pyrite na ihe nkiri calcium hydrophilic (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), nke na-egbochi flotation ya.Nnyocha egosiwo na mgbe ịgbakwunye Na2S, HS-ions nke hydrolyzed nwere ike ịmịpụ Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 na Fe (OH) 3 na-ekpuchi elu nke pyrite n'otu aka, na n'otu oge ahụ, a ga-etinye ya na ya. elu nke pyrite..N'ihi na pyrite nwere ikike ịnyefe electrons, mgbe ike interface nke pyrite dị ukwuu karịa EHS/S0, HS-efunahụ electrons n'elu xanthate iji mepụta sọlfọ elemental hydrophobic.Sulfur elemental nke na-esi na ya pụta na-ekpuchi elu nke ịnweta, si otú ahụ mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri dị mfe.

Mgbe a na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-akpata flotation maka ọla edo na ọla ọcha, ebe ọ bụ na onye na-anakọta ihe na-enweghị isi nke ọla edo na-eji ụkpụrụ electrochemical zuru oke na ọdịiche eletrọnịkị dị n'etiti sulfide na ọla-ọlaọcha ịnweta n'elu, onye na-anakọta enweghị flotation nwere ihe ndị ọzọ. uru.Nhọrọ dị elu, usoro ọgwụ dị mfe.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ na-ewepụ adsorption na-adịghị ahọpụta nke siri ike ịchịkwa na flotation nke ndị na-anakọta xanthate, ma na-edozi nsogbu nke iwepụ ọgwụ ọjọọ tupu cyanide leaching gold na nsogbu nke onye nchịkọta ihe nkiri ihe mgbochi gold leaching.Ya mere, na-adịbeghị anya, na E nwere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere flotation nke gold na ọlaọcha mineral na-enweghị mgbake mmadụ.Ọlaedo na mineral sulfide na ọla edo na ọla ọcha na-ebikọkarị ọnụ, ọkachasị ọla edo na pyrite na-adabere na ya.N'ihi na elu nke pyrite nwere semiconductor Njirimara na ụfọdụ electron iga ikike, na, site ntụnyere nke elu electrostatic ikike nke pyrite na HS-/S0 ka EHS-/ S0, mgbe pH nke ore slurry dị na nso nke 8. -13, pyrite The electrostatic ike nke m elu mgbe niile elu karịa EHS-/S0.Ya mere, HS- na S2-ionized nke Na2S na pulp ga-agbapụta n'elu pyrite iji mepụta sọlfọ elemental.

Na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, sodium sulfide na-ejikarị eme ihe.

Tumadi na-eji ash-alkali Nchikota usoro wepụ eriri interstitium na akpụkpọ, mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti ntutu isi, epidermis na dermis, gbanwee na-agbanwe eriri, mebie muscle anụ ahụ, na-erite uru mmetụta nke ihe ndị ọzọ na ụdi usoro on. anụ ahụ;saponify mmanụ n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ na-adịghị , iji wepụ akụkụ nke mmanụ na akpụkpọ ahụ ma nyere aka nbibi;imeghe njikọ nke abụọ nke akụkụ collagen, nke mere na eriri collagen nwere ike ịtọpụ nke ọma ma hapụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ collagen;na iwepu uwe na epidermis (ajị alkali rere ure) .

Ọ bụghị ikwu banyere agba sọlfọ nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe karịrị otu narị afọ.A na-enweta mmepụta nke ihe eji esiji ákwà site na ụzọ abụọ mmepụta ihe: usoro ịsa mmiri na usoro esi esi nri.

A na-ebelata ihe eji esiji sọlfọ ma gbazee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta na-esiji, na leucosomes ndị a kpụrụ na-abanye n'ime eriri cellulose, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ikuku oxidation gasịrị, eriri cellulose na-egosi agba achọrọ.

Matrix nke sọlfọ dyes enweghị njikọ maka eriri, na usoro ya nwere sulfur bonds, disulfide bonds ma ọ bụ polysulfide bonds, nke na-ebelata na sulfhydryl otu n'okpuru edinam nke sodium sulfide mbenata gị n'ụlọnga wee ghọọ mmiri-soluble leucosome sodium salts.Ihe kpatara na leucosomes ji enwe ezigbo mmekọrịta maka eriri cellulose bụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke agba agba dị oke ibu, nke n'aka nke ya na-emepụta ike Van der Waals ka ukwuu na hydrogen bonding Forces na eriri.

N'oge a, mmepụta sodium sulfide nwekwara ike kewaa n'ime ụdị anọ: vulcanization ntụ ntụ, mmiri-soluble vulcanization, mmiri mmiri vulcanization, gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi vulcanization, sulfur mbelata na gbasasịrị vulcanization.

1. vulcanization ntụ ntụ

Usoro nhazi n'ozuzu nke agba bụ DSSD, na n'ozuzu ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri sodium sulfide sie ya ma tinye ya mgbe ọ gbazere.Ụdị agba a bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na mmiri, enwere ike ibelata ihe esiji na leuco na onye na-ebelata alkaline, ma gbazee n'ime mmiri, nnu sodium nke leuco nwere ike itinye ya na eriri.

2. vulcanization mmiri-soluble

Usoro izugbe nke nhazi ihe eji esiji bụ D-SSO3Na.Ihe e ji mara ụdị agba agba a bụ na e nwere ìgwè ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ahụ, nke nwere ezigbo solubility na ihe dị mma nke agba agba.Jiri sodium sulfite ma ọ bụ sodium bisulfite meghachi ihe eji esiji sọlfọ nkịtị mee ihe iji mepụta thiosulfate dye, nke nwere solubility nke 150g/L na 20 Celsius ma na-eji maka agba agba na-aga n'ihu.Mmiri sọlfọ soluble agbaze ngwa ngwa na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ọ dịghị insoluble okwu, na jupụta solubility zuru ezu izute niile dissolution chọrọ nke dyeing onunu ogwu.sọlfọ na-esiji mmiri na-esiji mmiri nwere nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu.Agbanyeghị, agba ahụ enweghị ihe na-ebelata ihe na-ebelata ma ọ nweghị njikọ maka eriri.Ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye alkali sulfide n'oge agba agba, ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ nke nwere njikọ maka cellulose fibers site na nucleophilic na mmeghachi omume mbelata.N'ozuzu, a na-etinye ya na textiles site na nkwusioru mpe mpe akwa.

3. vulcanization mmiri

Usoro nhazi n'ozuzu nke agba bụ D-Sna, nke nwere ụfọdụ ego nke sodium sulfide na-ebelata ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na leuco.Mbelata sọlfọ nkịtị na-esiji na leuco soluble mmiri yana onye na-ebelata ihe, na-agbakwunye ihe na-ebelata oke dị ka antioxidant, na-agbakwunye ihe na-abanye n'ime, nnu inorganic na ihe nro mmiri na-eme ka agba mmiri mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka agba agbadata tupu oge eruo.Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ozugbo site na iji mmiri na-agbaze.Ihe e ji esiji dị otú ahụ na-agụnye ihe eji esiji sọlfọ nwere sọlfọ, dị ka agba Casulfon nwere sodium sulfide, ma nweekwa sọlfọ ọ dịghị ma ọ bụ nke dị nnọọ nta, dị ka agbaji ngwa ngwa, na enweghị mmiri mkpofu nwere sọlfọ n'oge agba agba.

4. vulcanization enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi

N'ime usoro mmepụta, a na-anụcha ya n'ime leucochrome, mana ọdịnaya sọlfọ na ọdịnaya polysulfide dị ala karịa ihe eji esiji sọlfọ nkịtị.Ụcha ahụ nwere ịdị ọcha dị elu, ike redicibility kwụsiri ike, yana ezigbo permeability.N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eji glucose na sodium hydrosulfite mee ihe dị ka ọnụọgụ abụọ na-ebelata ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị ibelata akwa sọlfọ, kamakwa na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

5. Mbelata sọlfọ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme ya ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ, mma, ultrafine ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ ihe eji esiji mmiri, dabara adaba maka akwa polyester-owu agwakọta ma chụsa akwa n'otu ịcha mmiri ịsa ahụ, enwere ike iji belata soda caustic, sodium hydrosulfite (ma ọ bụ thiourea dioxide), kama sodium sulfide. maka mbelata na mgbasa, dị ka Hydron Indocarbon agba.

6. Mgbasa vulcanization

A na-eme ka akwa sọlfọ na-agbasasị na-adabere na akwa sọlfọ na sọlfọ vat dyes, ma na-emepụta ya dị ka usoro azụmahịa azụmahịa nke ịgbasa agbaji.A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe maka akwa akwa akwa polyester-viscose ma ọ bụ polyester-owu agwakọtara akwa na akwasasị akwa n'otu bat.Enwere ụdị Kayaku Homodye iri na isii nke Nippon Kayaku mepụtara.

Enwere ike kewaa usoro ịcha akwa ahụ n'ime usoro anọ

(1) Mbelata e ji esiji ákwà Ọ dị mfe igbari akwa sọlfọ.A na-ejikarị sodium sulfide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebelata, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka alkali.Iji gbochie ahụ leuco ka ọ bụrụ hydrolyzed, soda ash na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma alkalinity nke mbelata bat ekwesịghị ịdị ike, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbelata agba ga-ebelata.

(2) eriri leuco na-esiji ihe na-esiji mmiri na-amịnye ya.Leuco nke sọlfọ dye dị na steeti anion na ngwọta agba.Ọ nwere kpọmkwem na eriri cellulose ma nwee ike tinye ya n'elu eriri ma gbasaa n'ime ime eriri ahụ.Sulfur dye leuco nwere obere ntụzịaka na eriri cellulose, n'ozuzu na-anabata obere ịsa ahụ, ma na-agbakwunye electrolyte kwesịrị ekwesị n'otu oge ahụ, nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego agba agba na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma melite agba agba na ntinye.

(3) Ọgwụgwọ Oxidation Mgbe agbachara sọlfọ leuco agba na eriri, ọ ga-abụrịrị oxidized iji gosi agba achọrọ.Oxidation bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa mgbe agbachasịrị ya na akwa sọlfọ.Mgbe agbachachara, a na-eji akwa sọlfọ oxidized dị mfe site na ikuku mgbe ịsachara na ikuku, ya bụ, a na-eji usoro ikuku oxidation;maka ụfọdụ akwa sọlfọ na-adịghị adị mfe oxidized, a na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-akwalite oxidation.

(4) Post-processing Post-processing gụnyere ihicha, mmanu mmanu, mgbochi brittleness na agba fixing, wdg Sulfur e ji esiji ákwà ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-asacha mgbe agbachachara iji belata residual sọlfọ na ákwà na-egbochi ákwà-na-agbajikwa, n'ihi na sọlfọ. na agba na sọlfọ dị na vulcanized alkali na-adị mfe oxidized na ikuku na-emepụta sulfuric acid, nke ga-eme ka acid hydrolysis na cellulose eriri na-akpata mmebi.Belata ike ma mee ka eriri na-agbaji.Ya mere, a pụrụ ịgwọ ya na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-egbuke egbuke, dị ka: urea, trisodium phosphate, gluu ọkpụkpụ, sodium acetate, wdg. Iji mee ka ìhè anyanwụ dịkwuo mma na ncha ngwa ngwa nke sọlfọ dyes, enwere ike idozi ya mgbe agbachara ya.Enwere ụzọ abụọ isi edozi agba agba: ọgwụgwọ nnu ígwè (dị ka potassium dichromate, ọla kọpa sulfate, ọla kọpa acetate na ngwakọta nke nnu ndị a) na ọgwụgwọ cationic na-edozi agba (dị ka onye na-edozi agba Y).Na mmepụta, ọ ka mma iji onye na-edozi agba agba M, nke a na-ejikọta ya na cationic agba agba na nnu ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike ibelata mmetọ chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Biko ṅaa ntị na ndị a mgbe ị na-eji!

"Ọ na-ewute gị n'ihi na ị na-enwe nsogbu?"

Sodium Sulfide gbabara isi mana o kwughị okwu, mana olu ahụ dara ọzọ

"Ma, ọ dị mma."

Sodium sulfide lere nwoke a, onye yi uwe mgbochi corrosion, mkpuchi gas na uwe rọba.

"Lee, ndị a dị nnọọ mfe na ọ bụghị nsogbu ma ọlị."

"Ee e, ọ na-enye nsogbu.Ị ga-eyi uwe ọrụ mgbochi corrosion, ihe mkpuchi gas, na uwe rọba.Ihe nkịtị abaghị uru.Ị nwere ọtụtụ ihe ịkpachara anya.Ọ bụrụ na ị kpachapụghị anya, ị ga-emerụ ahụ.Ị ga-emeso ha n'oge eji.gas na-ekpofu ihe na mmiri mkpofu.”

“Otú ọ dị, enwere m ngwọta.Ọ dịghị mkpa ka m merụọ ahụ, enwere m ike idozi ya nke ọma.

Ọ bụrụ na m na mberede wụsa ya na uwe m, ọ dị m mkpa ka m wepụ uwe ndị ahụ emerụrụ emerụ ozugbo, kpochaa ya na mmiri dị ukwuu maka ọ dịkarịa ala minit 15 wee gaa dọkịta;ọ bụrụ na m metụ anya na mberede, enwere m ike ibuli nku anya ozugbo wee jiri ọtụtụ mmiri na-agba ọsọ saa ma ọ bụ saline saline nke ọma ma ọ dịkarịa ala nkeji iri na ise tupu ịchọọ nlekọta ahụike;Ọ bụrụ na ikuru ume na mberede, m ga-ahapụ ebe ahụ ngwa ngwa gaa n'ebe ikuku dị mma iji mee ka ụzọ ikuku ghara igbochi ya.Ọ bụrụ na iku ume siri ike, kpọtụrụ oxygen ọzọ.Ọ bụrụ na iku ume akwụsị, mee ume iku ume ozugbo wee chọọ nlekọta ahụike;ọ bụrụ na iloro m na mberede, m ga-eji mmiri sachaa ọnụ, ṅụọ mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ akwa ọcha, wee chọọ nlekọta ahụike."

"Ma m ka na-ere ọkụ!"

"Amaara m na ị bụ ihe na-agba ọkụ na mberede na ọnọdụ ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, na ájá dị mfe ịgbanwu n'onwe ya na ikuku.Ọ ga-erekasị mgbe ọ zutere acid wee hapụ gas na-ere ọkụ.Ọ nwekwara ike ịmepụta ngwakọta ihe mgbawa mgbe ọ dị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ, na ngwọta mmiri na-emerụkwa ahụ ma na-egbu egbu.Ike mgbakasị ahụ.Na 100 Celsius, ị na-amalite ịpụ apụ, na uzuoku nwere ike ịwakpo iko.

N'ịnụ nke a, Na Su nwere mwute karịa.Isi nke e welirila ugbu a adapụlarị, n’atụghị egwu ileba ọkà okwu anya ọzọ.

Ma ọ dịghị mkpa, ọ bụrụhaala na mmiri, alụlụụ mmiri na ájá nwere ike imenyụ ọkụ.Ọ bụrụ na enwere mgbawa, kewapụ ebe a na-emerụ emerụ, tinye ihe mkpuchi ihu zuru oke na mgbochi acid na alkali na-arụ ọrụ ma banye ebe ahụ site na ikuku elu.A na-anakọta shọvelụ ahụ n'ime akpa kpọrọ nkụ, dị ọcha, kpuchie ya, ma ọ bụ jiri nnukwu mmiri na-asachapụ, gbazee wee tinye ya n'ime usoro mmiri mkpofu.Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nnukwu ntapu, enwere ike ịnakọta ya ma megharịa ya ma ọ bụ bufee ya n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa maka mkpofu.Ma ndị a bụ ihe niile Ọ bụ ihe ọmụma anyị mụtara tupu oge eruo, na ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị enwetala ọkachamara na usoro mmụta na ọzụzụ nke mere na ọ dịghị ntapu ga-eme.Echegbula onwe gị, hapụ gị ikpe ọmụma, ọ bụghị gị kpatara ya!”

Mgbe obere oge gasịrị, Sodium Sulfide weliri isi ya wee sị: “Ma ị ga-akpachara anya!Ọ bụrụgodị na ị mụtala nke a, ị ga-akpachara anya, ọ dị ize ndụ n'ezie iji m eme ihe.”

l Sodium sulfide: Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịpụ m, biko ṅaa ntị!

"Kwukọta ma bufee sodium sulfide taa.Ị maara ihe niile a ga-akpachapụ anya.Ị maara nkọwapụta na nkwakọ ngwaahịa! "

"Ee!"

Ruo oge ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike.

A na-emechikwa sodium sulfide nke ọma n'ime drum ígwè gbara ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0.5 mm, na nha ụgbụ nke ọ bụla adịghị agafe 100 kg.Mgbe a kwakọchara, a na-eju ya na gondola.

Ndị na-enyocha ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọ oloko na-achịkọta ngwongwo ndị dị ize ndụ dabere na tebụl mgbakọ ngwaahịa dị ize ndụ na "Iwu njem ụgbọ njem dị ize ndụ" nke Ministry of Railways.N'oge mbupu, ndị ọrụ nlezianya nyochaa iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na nchekwa nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ma hụ na ọ bụghị ngwakọta na oxidants, acids, nri chemicals, wdg Ke adianade do, ụgbọala na-onwem na kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị na quantities. ngwa ọgụ ọkụ na ntapu akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede.

Mgbe Na S nọ n'ụgbọala ahụ, o cheghị ihe mmadụ gwara ya tupu ya apụọ

Ọ sịrị, “I nwere ike iche na ị na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na-emebikwa ihe, mana ị ga-ama na ị nwere ọtụtụ uru, anyị ga-agwakwa onye na-eburu gị ihe o kwesịrị ilebara anya.Naanị ihe ị ga-eme bụ ịkpachara anya.Kpọọ ọrụ gị, ka nlekọta anyị kwesịrị ekwesị, ka anyị hụ ike gị, nke a ezuola. "

Mgbe Sodium Sulfide na-anọkwa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị ala na nkụ ọzọ, ọ ka ga-achọsi ike itinye ya na mmiri, mana ọ naghịzi enwe nkụda mmụọ, mana enweghị ike ichere inyere onye nwe ya ọhụrụ aka ịrụcha ọrụ ahụ!

Ị maara n'ezie gbasara sodium sulfide?

Dị ka anyị niile maara, sodium sulfide na-egbu egbu ma na-emebi emebi, mana a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, yabụ ị ghọtara n'ezie ozi dị mkpa gbasara sodium sulfide?

l nkọwa nke sodium sulfide

Sodium sulfide dị ọcha bụ ntụ ntụ kristal na-enweghị agba nke nwere hygroscopicity siri ike ma na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri.Ihe ngwọta mmiri nwere mmeghachi omume alkaline siri ike na ọ ga-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ mgbe ọ na-emetụ akpụkpọ ahụ na ntutu isi, ya mere a na-akpọ sodium sulfide alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide aqueous ngwọta ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ oxidize n'ime sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate na sodium polysulfide na ikuku.Agba nke sodium sulfide ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ pink, brownish red, na khaki n'ihi adịghị ọcha.sodium sulfide na-acha odo odo nwere isi hydrogen sulfide na hygroscopicity.Ọ na-atụgharị odo na-acha aja aja-oji mgbe ekpughere ya na ìhè na ikuku, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emepụta hydrogen sulfide, nke nwere ike imebi mgbe ọ na-ezute acid ma ọ bụ ọbụna carbonic acid.Ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, na-agbaze ntakịrị na ethanol, na-adịghị edozi na ether.Ihe ngwọta mmiri bụ alkaline, ihe ngwọta ahụ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ sodium thiosulfate na sodium hydroxide mgbe etinyere ya na ikuku.

Mmepe nke sodium sulfide na obodo m nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ahụmahụ bara ụba.Mmepụta nke sodium sulfide malitere na 1830s, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ dị na Dalian, Liaoning malitere mmepụta obere obere.Site na 1980 ruo etiti 1990s, site na mmepe siri ike nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ mba ụwa, ụlọ ọrụ sodium sulfide nke ụlọ enweela mgbanwe dị mkpa.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ abawanyela nke ukwuu, na mmepe ahụ dị ngwa ngwa.Mpaghara mmepụta nke sodium sulfide hiwere isi na Yuncheng, Shanxi agbasala ngwa ngwa ruo ihe karịrị ógbè na mpaghara iri gụnyere Yunnan, Xinjiang, Mongolia Inner, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, na Shaanxi.Ike mmepụta kwa afọ nke mba rịrị elu site na tọn 420,000 na ngwụcha 1980 ruo tọn 640,000 n'etiti 1990s.Ihe mmepụta ya na-etolite ngwa ngwa na Mongolia Inner, Gansu, na Xinjiang na Northwest China.Ikike imepụta nke Mongolia dị n'ime eruola tọn 200,000, ọ ghọwokwa ebe nrụpụta kachasị ukwuu nke ngwaahịa sodium sulfide na China.

Ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ ọrụ anyị malitere ịkpọtụrụ ngwaahịa sodium sulfide, anyị erutela nkwado na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ma nweta nyocha dị oke elu.Anyị nwere ike ekwe nkwa ịdị mma ngwaahịa na njem na ihe ndị ọzọ, "ọrụ dị mma", "ngwaahịa mbụ" na "onye ahịa mbụ" Ọ bụ ụkpụrụ anyị na-agbaso mgbe niile!

l Ngwa nke sodium sulfide:

1. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe eji esiji sọlfọ, ma bụrụ ihe eji eme ihe maka sulfur blue na sulfur blue.

2. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ebi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa, a na-eji ya dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka agbaze akwa sọlfọ.

3. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, a na-eji ya eme ihe na-esi nri maka akwụkwọ.

4. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ textile, a na-eji ya na denitrification nke ndị mmadụ na-eme fibers na ibelata nitrates, na dị ka mordant maka owu akwa ákwà.

5. N'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta tanning, a na-eji hydrolysis mee ka akpụkpọ anụ dị ọcha, a na-ejikwa ya na-akwadebe sodium polysulfide iji mee ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma mee ka ha dị nro.

6. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ electroplating eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ nke oyi akwa na-eduzi na electroplating kpọmkwem, site na mmeghachi omume nke sodium sulfide na palladium na-emepụta colloidal palladium sulfide iji nweta nzube nke ịmepụta oyi akwa conductive dị mma n'elu ala na-abụghị ọla.

7. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta antipyretics dị ka phenacetin.

8. Enwekwara ụfọdụ ojiji na ụlọ ọrụ agha.

9. Na ịnweta flotation, sodium sulfide bụ inhibitor nke ọtụtụ sulfide ore, sulfide gị n'ụlọnga nke na-abụghị ferrous metal oxide ore, na deagent nke ngwakọta concentrates nke sulfide ore.

10. Na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, a na-ejikarị agwọ electroplating ma ọ bụ mmiri mkpofu ndị ọzọ nwere ion ígwè, na-eji sọlfọ ions mee ka ion metal na-ebuli ion metal iji wepụ ion metal, dị ka germanium, tin, lead, silver, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc. , manganese chere.Usoro mmiri ozuzo sodium sulfide nwere ike iweghachite ọla ndị bara uru na mmiri mkpofu ọla dị arọ.

11. Ịgbakwunye ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ego nke sodium sulfide na alkaline etching ngwọta nke aluminom na alloys nwere ike budata mma mma nke etched elu, na ọ nwekwara ike na-eji wepụ alkali-soluble arọ metal adịghị ọcha dị ka zinc na alkaline etching ngwọta. .

12. Ọ bụ akụrụngwa nke sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, sọlfọ dyes, wdg.

13. Nyochaa ike mmiri na mmepụta fatịlaịza nitrogen.

Nkọwa:

Ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical:

1) Mwepụ nke adịghị ọcha na obere ala leachate Mgbe ị na-eme ihe banyere ihu igwe elution - ụdị obere ụwa ores, mgbe leaching na leaching na a siri ike electrolyte ngwọta, ụkọ ụwa leachate nwetara na-enwekarị nnukwu ego nke adịghị ọcha ion, dị ka Al3+, Fe3+ , Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Cu2 +, wdg Mgbe ejiri usoro mmiri ozuzo oxalic acid mee ihe, adịghị ọcha ndị a ga-eme ka mmiri ozuzo na-ebufe na ngwaahịa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-emetụta ịdị ọcha nke ngwaahịa ahụ.Ọzọkwa, iji zere emulsification na usoro mmịpụta na-esote, a ga-ebu ụzọ wepụ ion adịghị ọcha na mmiri mmiri nri.A na-egosi ihe nrụpụta ngwaahịa solubility nke ọtụtụ ọla sulfide precipitates na tebụl agbakwunyere.Mgbe agbakwunyere Na2S na elu elu ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ion dị arọ Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Zn2 +, wdg na ngwọta nwere ike iwepụ nke ọma.Nnyocha egosiwo na ịchịkwa pH na ihe dị ka 5 na ịgbakwunye Na2S na elu ụwa dị ụkọ iji wepụ adịghị ọcha ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe mmetụta dị mma nke iwepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha, kamakwa ọ dịghị atụfu ala ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe.

2) Jiri Na2S wepụ arsenic.Arsenic na-adịkarị na mineral n'ụdị sulfide.N'oge usoro pyrometallurgy, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime arsenic na-agbanwe n'ime flue gas na uzuzu, karịsịa mpụta kpọmkwem nke obere ntinye uche SO2 ga-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi.Ya mere, a ga-eme iwepụ arsenic tupu ọgwụgwọ flue ga-esote ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ikpofu.Jiri Na2S ngwọta na-amịkọrọ SO2 flue gas, nke mere na As3 + na S2-ụdị As2S3 precipitate (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), na a elu pH (pH> 8), As2S3 nwere ike gbazere na-etolite As3S3-6 ma ọ bụ AsS2- 3, ma e jiri ya tụnyere Na pH dị ala, ihe ngwọta ga-emepụta gas H2S.Nnyocha nke Yin Aijun et al.[4] na-egosi na mgbe a na-achịkwa pH nke ngwọta na nso nke 2.0 ruo 5.5, oge mmeghachi omume bụ 50 nkeji, okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume bụ 30 ruo 50 ° C, na flocculant na-agbakwunyere, ọnụego mwepụ nke arsenic nwere ike iru. 90%% n'elu.Na mmepụta nke ọgwụ na-acha ọcha carbon ojii, iji belata ọdịnaya nke arsenic na-adịghị ọcha na sulfuric acid na-emepụta ihe, a na-agbakwunye sodium sulfide na sulfuric acid na-eme ka As3 + ghọọ As2S3 ma mee ka ọ wepụ ya.Omume mmepụta na-egosi na sodium sulfide na-ewepụ arsenic ọ bụghị naanị na ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa, kamakwa na-ewepụ arsenic kpamkpam.Ọdịnaya nke arsenic na sulfuric acid mgbe iwepu arsenic bụ ihe na-erughị 0.5 × 10-6, yana ọdịnaya arsenic nke ọcha carbon ojii na-emepụta na akụrụngwa a bụ ≤0.0003%, nke na-agbaso iwu nke United States Pharmacopoeia.

Ọgwụgwọ mmiri:

Ọ bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ime ihe banyere mmiri mkpofu nwere mercury bụ nke na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ.N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-eme soda, ọdịnaya mercury dị na mmiri mkpofu a na-agbapụta na-adịkarị elu, karịa ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa (0.05mg/L).N'ime ngwọta na-adịghị ike (pH 8-11), ion mercury nwere ike ịmepụta ihe na-adịghị edozi ya na sodium sulfide.Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl agbakwunyere na ngwaahịa solubility nke HgS dị ntakịrị (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Site na nyocha ahụ, a na-ekpebi na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma mgbe ọnụọgụ Na2S na-adịgide adịgide na ọnụ ahịa pH na-achịkwa na 9-10, na Hg2 + na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nwere ike ibelata n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ mba (0.05mg /). L).Na mgbakwunye, site n'ịgbakwunye FeSO4 iji mepụta Fe (OH) 2 na Fe (OH) 3 colloids na mmiri, ndị colloids ndị a nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị adsorb ion mercury, kamakwa ọnyà na mkpuchi kwụsịtụrụ HgS ihe siri ike, na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na coagulation na mmiri ozuzo. .Sedimenti adịghị mfe imetọ ugboro abụọ ma dị mma maka mkpofu.

Ụlọ ọrụ eletrik:

1) Na2S na-eji dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke na electroplating:

A na-agbaze sodium sulfide n'ime mmiri wee tinye ion n'ime ion sodium ion nke ọma (Na+) na ion sulfide na-adịghị mma (S2-).N'oge usoro electroplating, ọnụnọ S2- na electrolyte nwere ike ịkwalite polarization cathode.N'otu oge ahụ N'okpuru ọnọdụ a, a na-eme ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume cathode.A na-emekwa ngwa ngwa nkwụnye ego, ikike ịkwanye miri emi na-abawanye, a na-edozi ihe mkpuchi ahụ, na elu nke akụkụ ahụ na-egbuke egbuke na-egbuke egbuke.

2) Sodium sulfide na-ewepụ adịghị ọcha na electrolyte:

N'oge usoro mmepụta nke electroplating, a ga-ebute ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha ma ọ bụ na-erughị eru na ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe ngwọta.Ihe adịghị ọcha ndị a na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'okpuru ọrụ nke electrodes, a ga-edobekwa ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha nwere ike dị ala n'elu akụkụ nke plated ya na Zn2 +, na-emetụta àgwà nke oyi akwa ahụ.Mgbe ịgbakwunye sodium sulfide, S2- na sodium sulfide nwere ike ịmepụta precipitates na metal adịghị ọcha ion, na-egbochi adịghị ọcha na-ekere òkè na electrochemical mmeghachi omume na-eme ka mkpuchi na-egbuke egbuke.

3) Iji Na2S ngwọta maka flue gas desulfurization

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mgbake nke SO2 na gas flue bụ tumadi iji tọghata SO2 ka ọ bụrụ H2SO4, mmiri mmiri SO2 na sọlfọ elemental.sọlfọ elemental bụkwa ezigbo ngwaahịa maka imegharị ihe n'ihi ịdị mfe nke njikwa na njem.Usoro ọhụrụ maka imepụta sọlfọ elemental site na iji H2S emepụtara na ngwọta Na2S dị ka ihe na-ebelata iji belata SO2.Usoro a dị mfe ma ọ dịghị mkpa iri ihe ndị na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ dị ka gas sitere n'okike na obere sọlfọ dị ka teknụzụ mmepụta n'ozuzu.Mgbe pH nke ngwọta na-adaba na 8.5-7.5, itinye SO2 na Na2S ga-emepụta H2S, na H2S na SO2 ga-enweta mmeghachi omume Claus na mmiri mmiri.

Ụlọ ọrụ nhazi mineral:

1) sodium sulfide dị ka ihe mgbochi:

A na-ekwenyekarị na mmetụta mgbochi nke sodium sulfide na sulfide ore bụ nke kachasị n'ihi akụkụ abụọ.Otu bụ na Na2S hydrolyzes na-emepụta HS-, HS- ewepu xanthate adsorbed n'elu nke sulfide mineral, na n'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-adsorbed na ịnweta elu na-amụba hydrophilicity nke ịnweta elu;nke ọzọ bụ N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ewere na mmetụta inhibitory nke Na2S abụghị nanị site na mgbasa ozi nke HS- na ịnweta elu, kamakwa metụtara S2- nke ionization nke Na2S na-emepụta na ngwọta mmiri.

2) sodium sulfide dị ka activator:

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ nke smithsonite-limonite usoro gosiri na na limonite amine flotation, naanị na ala pH, amine nwere ike gbasaa n'elu ịnweta site na ike electrostatic.Otú ọ dị, mgbe ịgbakwunye Na2S, a na-emepụta ihe nkiri FeS n'elu limonite.Ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri FeS nwere ike ịbawanye mgbasa ozi nke amines molecular na pH dị elu, enwere ike iji ihe ndị FeS reagent mee ihe maka flotation, na limonite nwere ike ịkwụsị na pH dị elu.Emere flotation Amine.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji Na2S mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-efegharị efegharị maka mineral ọla kọpa oxide.Mgbe agbakwunyere ego Na2S kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwọta flotation, S2 nke kewara ekewa na-enweta mmeghachi omume mbugharị na anions lattice n'elu mineral oxidized iji mepụta fim sulfide n'elu ọla kọpa oxide mineral, nke bara uru. adsorption nke ndị na-anakọta xanthate.Otú ọ dị, ihe nkiri sulfide ọla kọpa nke e mere n'elu ọla kọpa oxide ore adịghị esi ike, ọ dịkwa mfe ịdapụ mgbe mkpali ahụ siri ike.Mgbe ị na-emekọ ihe na Totozui ọla kọpa na Daye, Hubei (ihe ndị nwere ọla kọpa nke nwere malachite), usoro flotation nke na-agbakwunye Na2S n'ọtụtụ ọkwa na iwepụta ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na-ebelata mgbasa nke etiti etiti, na ọla kọpa na-etinye uche. ogo ọkwa Usoro mmepụta ka emelitere site na 2.1%, yana ọnụego mgbake ọla kọpa na ọla edo abawanyela site na 25.98% na 10.81% n'otu n'otu.Enwere ike iji Na2S dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri maka pyrite nke peralkali lime kwụsịrị na sistemụ perkalime.Na usoro alkali dị elu, a na-ekpuchi elu nke pyrite na ihe nkiri calcium hydrophilic (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), nke na-egbochi flotation ya.Nnyocha egosiwo na mgbe ịgbakwunye Na2S, HS-ions nke hydrolyzed nwere ike ịmịpụ Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 na Fe (OH) 3 na-ekpuchi elu nke pyrite n'otu aka, na n'otu oge ahụ, a ga-etinye ya na ya. elu nke pyrite..N'ihi na pyrite nwere ikike ịnyefe electrons, mgbe ike interface nke pyrite dị ukwuu karịa EHS/S0, HS-efunahụ electrons n'elu xanthate iji mepụta sọlfọ elemental hydrophobic.Sulfur elemental nke na-esi na ya pụta na-ekpuchi elu nke ịnweta, si otú ahụ mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ maka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri dị mfe.

3) A na-eji sodium sulfide mee ihe dị ka ihe na-akpata flotation maka ọla edo na ọla ọcha:

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-anakọta-free flotation nke ọla edo na-eme n'ụzọ zuru ezu ojiji nke electrochemical ụkpụrụ na electron dị iche n'elu sulfide na gold-ọlaọcha mineral, na-anakọta-free flotation nwere elu selectivity na mfe reagent usoro.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ na-ewepụ adsorption na-adịghị ahọpụta nke siri ike ịchịkwa na flotation nke ndị na-anakọta xanthate, ma na-edozi nsogbu nke iwepụ ọgwụ ọjọọ tupu cyanide leaching gold na nsogbu nke onye nchịkọta ihe nkiri ihe mgbochi gold leaching.Ya mere, na-adịbeghị anya, na E nwere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere flotation nke gold na ọlaọcha mineral na-enweghị mgbake mmadụ.Ọlaedo na mineral sulfide na ọla edo na ọla ọcha na-ebikọkarị ọnụ, ọkachasị ọla edo na pyrite na-adabere na ya.N'ihi na elu nke pyrite nwere semiconductor Njirimara na ụfọdụ electron iga ikike, na, site ntụnyere nke elu electrostatic ikike nke pyrite na HS-/S0 ka EHS-/ S0, mgbe pH nke ore slurry dị na nso nke 8. -13, pyrite The electrostatic ike nke m elu mgbe niile elu karịa EHS-/S0.Ya mere, HS- na S2-ionized nke Na2S na pulp ga-agbapụta n'elu pyrite iji mepụta sọlfọ elemental.

Akpụkpọ anụulo orury:

Iji usoro nchikota isi awọ-alkali:

(1) Usoro alkali lime dị ọcha: ngwakọta nke sodium sulfide na lime;

(2) Usoro Alkali-alkali: ngwakọta nke sodium sulfide, caustic soda, na lime slaked (nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka akpụkpọ anụ buffalo na pigskin).N'ihi alkalinity siri ike nke soda caustic, mmepụta tanning ugbu a abụghị naanị maka imepụta akpụkpọ anụ ezi, kamakwa maka liming.Jiri obere soda caustic;

(3) Usoro lime-alkali-nnu: na ndabere nke usoro ash-alkali dị ọcha, tinye nnu na-anọpụ iche, dị ka calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, wdg;

(4) Enzymatic liming.

Iji:

1. Wepu interdermal fibrous matrix, na-ebelata njikọ dị n'etiti ntutu isi, epidermis na dermis, gbanwee eriri na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ebibi anụ ahụ anụ ahụ, ma na-erite uru mmetụta nke ihe ndị ọzọ na akpụkpọ ahụ na-esote usoro;

2. Saponize mmanụ dị n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ nkịtị, wepụ akụkụ nke mmanụ dị n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ, ma rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ n'imebi;

3. Mepee njikọ nke abụọ nke akụkụ collagen, nke mere na eriri collagen na-atọpụ nke ọma ma na-ahapụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ collagen;

4. Wepu uwe na cuticle (ajị alkali rere ure).

Ụlọ ọrụ agba agba:

Sulfur agba agba nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe karịrị otu narị afọ kemgbe amuru ha.Ndị Croissant na Bretonniere rụpụtara akpa sọlfọ nke mbụ na 1873. Ha jikọtara ihe ndị nwere eriri organic, dị ka ibe osisi, humus, bran, owu mkpofu na akwụkwọ mkpofu, wdg na-enweta site na kpo oku na alkali sulfide na polysulfide.Ụcha hygroscopic gbara ọchịchịrị, nke na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ma na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri.Mgbe ị na-esiji owu na bath alkaline na alkali sulfide bat, a na-enweta ihe na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.Owu nwere ike ịtụgharị agba aja aja mgbe ekpughere ya na ikuku ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ oxidized na ngwọta dichromate iji dozie agba.Ebe ọ bụ na e ji esiji ákwà ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-esiji ákwà na ọnụ ala dị ala, a pụrụ iji ha mee ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ịcha akwa.

Na 1893, R.Vikal gbazere p-aminophenol na sodium sulfide na sọlfọ iji mee ka sọlfọ ojii na-esiji agba.Ọ chọpụtakwara na e nwere ike iji sọlfọ na sodium sulfide gbaze ụfọdụ ihe ndị benzene na naphthalene iji mepụta ụdị sọlfọ ojii dị iche iche.agba agba.Kemgbe ahụ, ndị mmadụ emepụtala ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọbara ọbara na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ sọlfọ na ndabere a.N'otu oge ahụ, usoro nkwadebe na usoro ịcha akwa emewokwa ka ọ dịkwuo mma.Sulfur e ji esiji mmiri na-agbaze mmiri, ihe e ji esiji sọlfọ mmiri na-esiji sọlfụ na-emekọrịta ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi apụtala n'otu n'otu, na-eme ka esiji sọlfọ na-eto eto.

Ejiji sọlfọ bụ otu n'ime ihe eji esiji eme ihe ugbu a.Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, ihe a na-esi na akwa sọlfọ dị n'ụwa na-eru ihe karịrị 100,000 tọn, na ụdị kachasị mkpa bụ sọlfọ ojii.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmepụta nke sọlfọ ojii bụ 75% ~ 85% nke mkpokọta sọlfọ dyes.N'ihi njikọ ya dị mfe, ọnụ ala dị ala, ngwa ngwa dị mma na enweghị carcinogenicity, ọ na-amasị ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa.A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na-esiji owu na eriri cellulose ndị ọzọ, usoro ojii na anụnụ anụnụ bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.

E nwere ụzọ abụọ nke mmepụta mmepụta nke sọlfọ dyes:

1) Usoro ime achịcha, amine mmiri, phenols ma ọ bụ nitro ogige nke raw aromatic hydrocarbons na sọlfọ ma ọ bụ sodium polysulfide na elu okpomọkụ iji kwadebe edo edo, oroma na agba aja aja sulfur agba.

2) Usoro esi esi, kpoo ma kpoo amines, phenols ma ọ bụ nitro ogige nke raw aromatic hydrocarbons na sodium polysulfide na mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze organic iji kwadebe akwa sọlfọ ojii, acha anụnụ anụnụ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

Nhazi

1) vulcanization ntụ ntụ

2) vulcanization mmiri-soluble

3) vulcanization nke mmiri mmiri

4) vulcanization na gburugburu ebe obibi

5) Mbelata sọlfọ

6) vulcanization mgbasa

Usoro eji esiji ihe arụrụ arụ

Ejiji sọlfọ bụ ụdị ihe eji esiji sọlfọ nwere.Ngwakọta ahụ nwere njikọ sọlfọ nke nwere atọm sọlfọ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa.Mgbe etinyere ya, a na-ebelata ya ka ọ bụrụ ahụ leuco, nke mere na ọ ga-agbaze na mmiri ma na-esiji eriri.Ihe e ji esiji sọlfọ dị iche iche n'ụdị agba agba.Sulfur agba nwere nnukwu ịsacha ngwa ngwa yana ngwa ngwa siri ike.Ọ bụ ezie na ngwa ngwa na ịdị ọcha adịghị mma dị ka e ji esiji ihe na-emeghachi omume, ngwa ngwa ha na-asọ oyi na ngwa ngwa dị mfe dị mma karịa ka e ji esiji eme ihe, na e ji esiji sọlfọ na-eji obere nnu na-eri obere mmiri mgbe a na-esiji ya.ole na ole.Sulfur e ji esiji ákwà bụ ogige organic nwere nitro na amino dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-etolite site na iji sọlfọ na sodium sulfide meghachi omume na okpomọkụ dị elu.Ọtụtụ ihe eji esiji sọlfọ enweghị usoro kemịkalụ doro anya.Ụkpụrụ agba agba nke sọlfọ dyes yiri nke vat dyes.Ha na-etolite leucosomes soluble mmiri nke nwere njikọ na eriri na-esiji eriri site na mmeghachi omume mbelata kemịkal, wee kechie ya na eriri site na oxidation.

Sulfur e ji esiji ákwà bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịsacha n'ime mmiri, a na-achọkwa sodium sulfide ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ebelata ihe iji belata ihe e ji esiji ákwà na leucosomes soluble n'oge agba agba.Ọ nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na eriri ahụ ma na-agbaji eriri ahụ, wee weghachi ọnọdụ ya na-adịghị edozi ahụ mgbe oxidation na mmepe agba na-edozi na eriri ahụ.Ya mere, sọlfọ esiji bụkwa ụdị vat agba.Enwere ike iji akwa sọlfọ mee ihe maka ịcha akwa, linen, viscose na eriri ndị ọzọ.Usoro mmepụta ihe dị mfe, ọnụ ahịa ya dị ala, ọ pụkwara ịcha otu agba ma ọ bụ agba agwakọta.Ọ nwere ezigbo ọkụ ngwa ngwa yana adịghị mma eyi ngwa ngwa.Enweghị acha ọbara ọbara na-acha odo odo na ụdị dị iche iche nke agba, na agba na-agba ọchịchịrị, dabara adaba maka agba agba agba.

Usoro agba agba

Usoro:

Enwere ike kewaa usoro ịcha akwa n'ime usoro anọ ndị a:

1) Mbelata e ji esiji ákwà Ọ dị mfe igbari akwa sọlfọ.A na-ejikarị sodium sulfide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebelata, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka alkali.Iji gbochie ahụ leuco ka ọ bụrụ hydrolyzed, soda ash na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma alkalinity nke mbelata bat ekwesịghị ịdị ike, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbelata agba ga-ebelata.

2) The dye leuco na-edining ngwọta na-etinye obi gị dum site eriri.Leuco nke sọlfọ dye dị na steeti anion na ngwọta agba.Ọ nwere kpọmkwem na eriri cellulose ma nwee ike tinye ya n'elu eriri ma gbasaa n'ime ime eriri ahụ.Sulfur dye leuco nwere obere ntụzịaka na eriri cellulose, n'ozuzu na-anabata obere ịsa ahụ, ma na-agbakwunye electrolyte kwesịrị ekwesị n'otu oge ahụ, nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego agba agba na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma melite agba agba na ntinye.

3) Ọgwụgwọ Oxidation Mgbe agbachara sọlfọ leuco na eriri, ọ ga-abụrịrị oxidized iji gosi agba achọrọ.Oxidation bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa mgbe agbachasịrị ya na akwa sọlfọ.Mgbe agbachachara, a na-eji akwa sọlfọ oxidized dị mfe site na ikuku mgbe ịsachara na ikuku, ya bụ, a na-eji usoro ikuku oxidation;maka ụfọdụ akwa sọlfọ na-adịghị adị mfe oxidized, a na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-akwalite oxidation.

4) Post-processing Post-processing na-agụnye ihicha, mmanu, mgbochi brittleness na agba fixation, wdg Sulfur e ji esiji ákwà ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-asacha mgbe agbachachara iji belata residual sọlfọ na ákwà na-egbochi ákwà si na-agbajikwa, n'ihi na sọlfọ na. agba na sọlfọ dị na vulcanized alkali na-adị mfe oxidized na ikuku na-emepụta sulfuric acid, nke ga-eme ka acid hydrolysis na cellulose eriri na imebi.Belata ike ma mee ka eriri na-agbaji.Ya mere, a pụrụ ịgwọ ya na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-egbuke egbuke, dị ka: urea, trisodium phosphate, gluu ọkpụkpụ, sodium acetate, wdg. Iji mee ka ìhè anyanwụ dịkwuo mma na ncha ngwa ngwa nke sọlfọ dyes, enwere ike idozi ya mgbe agbachara ya.Enwere ụzọ abụọ isi edozi agba agba: ọgwụgwọ nnu ígwè (dị ka potassium dichromate, ọla kọpa sulfate, ọla kọpa acetate na ngwakọta nke nnu ndị a) na ọgwụgwọ cationic na-edozi agba (dị ka onye na-edozi agba Y).Na mmepụta, ọ ka mma iji onye na-edozi agba agba M, nke a na-ejikọta ya na cationic na-edozi agba na nnu ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike ibelata mmetọ chromium.

Nsogbu:

Usoro mmepụta nke akwa sọlfọ dị mkpụmkpụ, ọnụahịa dị ala, na ngwa ngwa dị mma, ma n'ihi na ọ ka nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ike na nsogbu na mmepụta na ngwa n'ezie, ọ ka na-enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche.

A na-eji sodium sulfide mee ihe na ntinye nke sọlfọ dyes, ọ dịkwa oke.A na-eji akụkụ nke sodium sulfide mee ihe maka ibelata ihe eji esiji esiji, ma akụkụ nke ngafe ga-emepụta mmiri mkpofu nke nwere sọlfọ.Mmiri mmiri na-agba agba nwere nnukwu sọlfọ.A pụghị ịgwọta mmiri mkpofu n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na ịdị mma mmiri na-agbapụta siri ike izute ihe ndị a chọrọ.Ọ bụrụ na agbapụta ya ozugbo, a ga-ahapụ hydrogen sulfide, nke ga-emerụ ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ahụ, ma mebiekwa sistemu nsị mmiri na-ewepụta ísì, nke ga-emebi ahụike mmadụ (ụcha ahụ n'onwe ya na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ. Ọ nweghị mmerụ ahụ. maka ahụike nke onye ọrụ na a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu).

Iji dozie nsogbu mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe kwesịrị itinye ego buru ibu, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe dịkwuo ukwuu, kamakwa na-emepụta gas hydrogen sulfide na-egbu egbu ngwa ngwa n'oge usoro agba.Mgbe ọ ruru ọkwa ụfọdụ na ikuku, ọ nwere ike ịkpata dizziness, obi mgbawa, ọgbụgbọ, wdg. N'ezie dị ize ndụ.

Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa kpatara eji esiji sọlfọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ daa.Ebe ọ bụ na e ji esiji sọlfọ na-esijighị mmiri, akwa ndị e sijiri esiji adịghị eguzogide ikpochapụ ma gharakwa iguzogide ịcha ọcha chlorine.Na n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke sulfide eji esiji na-anọgide na ihe a na-esiji esiji, ngwaahịa emechara na-agbaji n'ihi ikuku oxidation nke na-emepụta sulfate radicals n'oge nchekwa.Ihe agba agba nke sọlfọ ojii a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-agbaji n'oge nchekwa.N'ihi na-adịghị mma workability nke sọlfọ dye dissolution, mmiri mmiri ngwaahịa e mepụtara n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ma ha bụ naanị tupu e belatara sọlfọ agbaze na etisasịwo.Nri sọlfọ nkịtị bụ ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na alkalinity siri ike na isi, nkwụsi ike nchekwa adịghị mma, ọ dị mfe imebi ma sie ike ịsacha n'ihi mmekọrịta ha na ihe.Ọ dị mkpa ka e belata ma gbazee akwa sọlfọ tupu agbaze eriri, usoro usoro ọgwụgwọ a gachara na-akpa ike, na usoro ịcha akwa niile dị mgbagwoju anya.A na-ejikarị eriri cellulose eme ihe dị ka owu.Ndo nke sọlfọ dyes dịtụ obere, nwa bụ ya kasị mkpa agba ụdịdị, na-esote na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, olive na agba aja aja, ọ na-esiri ike izute mkpa nke ndị mmadụ n'oge a ọha mmadụ maka ọgaranya na yi agba.

Ngwọta:

Dị ka ụfọdụ mba machibidoro ụfọdụ carcinogenic agba azo.Mmepe e ji esiji sọlfọ ọhụrụ, karịsịa sọlfọ na-agbaze mmiri, ga-enwekwa atụmanya sara mbara maka eriri protein.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, 90% nke sọlfọ dị n'ụwa ka na-eji sodium sulfide, ọ dịkwa oke oke.A na-eji akụkụ nke sodium sulfide mee ihe maka ibelata ihe eji esiji esiji, ma ngafe ahụ ga-emepụta mmiri mkpofu nke nwere sọlfọ.Ịwụsa ya ozugbo ga-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi.Mmepe ọzọ nke akwa sọlfọ ga-anọchi anya sodium sulfide na-ebelata ihe eji eme ihe ugbu a.N'akụkụ a, mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa ga-adị ka ọnụ ahịa a na-akwụ ugbu a iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu nke nwere sọlfọ site na chlorination.Ka ihe ndị mmadụ chọrọ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-arị elu, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịwanye mkpa.Ọ dị mkpa iji mepụta nhọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihe ndị na-emepụta oxidizing maka ịcha sọlfọ.N'otu oge ahụ, iji akwa sọlfọ na-enweghị sọlfọ ma ọ bụ obere sọlfọ nwere ike ime ka ntinye nke sọlfọ dyes bụrụ usoro enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi.Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa iji mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ agba agba na ntinye ihe eji esiji eme ihe nke sọlfọ dyes, si otú ahụ belata ihe fọdụrụ nke agba agba na mmiri mmiri.

Ọnụego ịjicha ihe pụtara gụnyere akụkụ abụọ:

1) Ọnụ ọgụgụ adsorption nke agba na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha site na elu nke eriri;

2) Ọnụọgụ mgbasa nke agba na mmanya na-esiji esi n'elu eriri ahụ ruo n'ime eriri ahụ.

Sulfur e ji esiji eme ihe bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na mmiri, a ga-ebelatarịrị ma gbazee ya na ihe na-ebelata ihe tupu agba ya agba.Maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke akwa sọlfọ nwere nnukwu ihe na-adịghị mma, a ga-akpali ha ma ọ bụ ọbụna sie ha mgbe agbakwunyere sodium sulfide iji nyere aka agbaze agbaze nke ọma.N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-agbanwe eriri cellulose iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche na-ejikọta ya na agba, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nke ihe eji eme ihe.

l Akpachara anya maka sodium sulfide

Dị ize ndụ

a) Ihe ize ndụ ahụike: Ngwaahịa a nwere ike imebi hydrogen sulfide na eriri afọ, ma nwee ike ịkpata nsị hydrogen sulfide mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị.Na-emebi akpụkpọ anụ na anya.

b) Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu: Ihe dị ize ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

c) Ihe ize ndụ mgbawa: Ngwaahịa a na-ere ọkụ, na-agbaze nke ukwuu ma na-agbakasị ahụ, ma nwee ike ịkpata ọkụ n'ahụ mmadụ.

Mgbata ọsọ enyemaka mbụ

a) Mmekọahụ akpụkpọ: Ngwa ngwa yipụ uwe emerụ emerụ ma were ọtụtụ mmiri na-agba agba hichaa ma ọ dịkarịa ala nkeji iri na ise.Chọọ nlekọta ahụike.

b) Nleta anya: Welite nku anya ozugbo wee sachaa ya nke ọma na ọtụtụ mmiri pọmpụ ma ọ bụ saline nkịtị maka opekata mpe nkeji iri na ise.Chọọ nlekọta ahụike.

c) ikuku ume: pụọ ngwa ngwa gaa na ikuku dị mma.Debe ụzọ ikuku oghe.Ọ bụrụ na iku ume siri ike, nye oxygen.Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị iku ume, nye ume iku ume ozugbo.Chọọ nlekọta ahụike.

d) Nri: were mmiri sachaa ọnụ, nye mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ akwa ọcha.Chọọ nlekọta ahụike.

Usoro mgbanyụ ọkụ

a) Àgwà ndị dị ize ndụ: ihe anhydrous na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mberede, na ájá ya dị mfe ịgbanwu n'onwe ya na ikuku.Ọ na-emebi ma ọ bụrụ na acid dị na ya ma na-ewepụta gas na-egbu egbu na ọkụ.Ntụ ntụ na ikuku nwere ike ịmepụta ngwakọta ihe mgbawa.Ngwọta mmiri ya na-emebi emebi ma na-agbakasị ahụ ike.Ọ na-amalite ikpochapụ na 100 Celsius C, na uzuoku nwere ike imebi iko.

b) Ngwaahịa combustion dị ize ndụ: hydrogen sulfide, sọlfọ oxides.

c) Ụzọ mgbanyụ ọkụ: Jiri mmiri, mmiri na-efesa, ájá na-emenyụ ọkụ.

Ijikwa mkpofu

a) Ọgwụgwọ ihe mberede: kewapụ ebe mmeru emebi emebi ma gbochie ohere.A na-atụ aro ka ndị ọrụ mberede na-eyi mkpuchi uzuzu (nkpuchi ihu zuru oke) na uwe ọrụ mgbochi acid na alkali.Tinye saịtị site na elu ikuku.

b) Obere ntapu: zere ibuli uzuzu, kpokọta ya na shọvel dị ọcha na akọrọ, ihe dị ọcha nke nwere mkpuchi.Enwere ike ịsacha ya na nnukwu mmiri, na mmiri a na-asacha na-agbaze ma tinye ya n'ime usoro mmiri mkpofu.

c) Nnukwu ihe mkpofu: chịkọta ma megharịa ma ọ bụ bufee n'ebe a na-ekpofu ihe mkpofu maka mkpofu.

nchekwa mkpofu

a) Ijikwa kpachara anya: arụ ọrụ mechiri emechi.Ndị na-arụ ọrụ ga-enwerịrị ọzụzụ pụrụ iche ma rube isi na usoro ọrụ.A na-atụ aro ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-eyi ihe mkpuchi uzuzu uzuzu nke onwe-priming, ugogbe nchekwa nchekwa kemịkalụ, rọba acid na uwe na-eguzogide alkali, yana roba acid na alkali na-eguzogide.Wepụ n'ebe ọkụ na ebe ikpo ọkụ na-esi na ya pụta, na ịṅụ sịga ka amachibidoro n'ebe ọrụ.Jiri sistemu na akụrụngwa ikuku ikuku na-egbochi mgbawa.Zere iwepụta uzuzu.Zere ịkpọtụrụ ndị ọrụ oxidizing na acids.Mgbe ị na-ejikwa, budata ma budata obere obere ka ị ghara imebi nkwakọ na arịa.Ejikọtara ya na ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwa mgbanyụ ọkụ na mgbapụ ngwa ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede.Akpa ihe efu nwere ike bụrụ ihe mkpofu na-emerụ ahụ.

b) Akpachara anya maka nchekwa: Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku ikuku.Wepụ ọkụ na isi mmalite okpomọkụ.Ọkachamma iru mmiri dị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ agaghị agafe 85%.A na-emechi ngwugwu ahụ.Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche site na oxidants na acids, e kwesịghịkwa ịchekwa ya ọnụ.E kwesịghị ịchekwa ya ogologo oge ka ọ ghara ịka njọ.Ejiri ụdị dị iche iche kwesịrị ekwesị na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọkụ.Ebe a na-echekwa ihe kwesịrị ịkwado ya na ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị iji nwee ihe nwụfu.

l Akpachara anya maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa na njem

1. Usoro mbukota: Tinye ya n'ime 0,5 mm nchara nchara ma mechie nke ọma, na ịdị arọ nke ụgbụ ọ bụla ekwesịghị ịfe 100 n'arọ;karama iko nke ịghasa, okpu ígwè crimped karama iko, karama rọba ma ọ bụ igbe osisi nkịtị na-abụghị mkpọ ígwè (mkpọ);karama iko nke ịghasa, karama plastik ma ọ bụ tin-plated thin steel drum (nwere ike) kpuchie na igbe grate ala, igbe fiberboard ma ọ bụ igbe plywood;tin-plated mkpa ígwè drum (nwere ike), metal drum (nwere ike), plastic karama ma ọ bụ metal sooks Mpụta corrugated igbe.

2. Nchekwa nke ụgbọ njem: Mgbe ejiri ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ebu ya, enwere ike iji ụgbọ ala mepere emepe ebu ụgbọ okporo ígwè.Mgbe ị na-ebu ụgbọ okporo ígwè, a ga-agbakọta ya n'ụzọ siri ike na tebụl mgbakọ ngwaahịa dị ize ndụ na "Iwu maka Ụgbọ njem nke Ihe ize ndụ" nke Ministry of Railway nyere.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa kwesịrị ịbụ nke zuru oke na ntinye kwesịrị ịdị nchebe n'oge mbupu.N'oge njem, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na akpa ahụ adịghị ada, daa, daa ma ọ bụ mebie ya.A machibidoro ya ịgwakọta ma bufee ya na oxidants, acids, kemikal nri, wdg. Mgbe ị na-ebufe ụgbọ ala, ekwesịrị ịkwado ụgbọ ala ahụ na ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwa ọgụ ọkụ na mkpofu ngwa ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede.

N'ikpeazụ, Wit-Stone na-ekwe nkwa na ọ ga-enye gị ngwaahịa kachasị mma yana ọrụ zuru oke.Ndị ọrụ anyị ga-anọ n'ịntanetị awa 24 kwa ụbọchị iji zaa ajụjụ gị.Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmata ihe ọ bụla, biko kpọtụrụ anyị!

Oge nzipu: Mar-21-2023

Kwụsị ịmehie sodium sulfide!

Sodium carbonate, nke a makwaara dị ka soda ash, bụ ngwakọta kemịkalụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa ...

Kedu ihe bụ carbon arụrụ ọrụ nke shei aki oyibo?Ihe mgbakwasa aki oyibo...

1. Chemical na-eji Sodium bicarbonate bụ ihe dị mkpa na mgbakwunye na nkwadebe nke ...

05. Carajás, Brazil KARAGAS bụ nnukwu ụwa ...

10.Escondida, Chile nwe nke ESCONDIDA...